--backend vmportable
Bytecode VM + Cranelift JIT
- Portable .abc bytecode - magic header ARTHBC01.
- Tiered Cranelift JIT: Interpreter, Baseline at 100 calls, Optimized at 1,000.
- On-stack replacement swaps hot loops into compiled code mid-run.
Arth - the systems language
Write like Java.
Run like Rust.
Arth gives you memory safety without the ceremony - no garbage collector, no lifetime annotations, no null. Familiar Java-style syntax, safety the compiler proves for you, and native binaries at the end.
hello.arthArth
String a = "hello";
int len = a.then(StringFns.length());
// an immutable borrow - a still owns it
println(a); // ok
borrow checked - no null, no GC, no lifetime to write
What Arth gives you
The language, strength by strength.
Every language asks you to give something up. Arth's bet is that you should not have to trade safety for a garbage collector, or safety for lifetimes. Here is what that buys you - one short line each, no jargon.
Memory
Ownership without lifetimes
Rust-grade safety with every borrow region inferred - not a single lifetime annotation to write.
Runtime
No garbage collector
Deterministic RAII: a value is destroyed the moment its owner leaves scope. No GC pauses.
Types
Typed exceptions, no null
There is no null - absence is a type, Optional<T> - and checked exceptions are typed.
Concurrency
Modern concurrency
Async, actors and channels on a work-stealing executor. Data races are a compile error.
Stdlib
Batteries included
96 modules ship in the box - crypto, databases, mail, HTTP and more, all written in Arth.
Backends
Two backends, one runtime
A bytecode VM with a JIT and an LLVM native path, both calling the arth-rt native runtime.
Memory safety
Memory safety without the ceremony.
You get Rust-grade guarantees - moves, borrows, deterministic drops - but the compiler infers every borrow region. There is no garbage collector to pause you, no lifetime to annotate, and no null to crash you. Values are destroyed the moment their owner leaves scope.
- Ownership and moves, with borrows the compiler infers for you
- Deterministic RAII - no GC pauses, no finalizers
- No null: absence is a type, Optional<T>, and exceptions are typed
EditorStandard library
Batteries included, all the way down.
96 modules ship in the standard library - crypto, databases, mail, networking, JSON, templating and more, all written in Arth. You reach for an outside dependency far less often, and what you do pull in is held to the same memory-safety rules as your own code.
- Crypto, Postgres and SQLite, HTTP client and server, WebSocket and mail
- JSON, templating, time, BigInt and structured logging in the box
- Everything held to the same compile-time safety rules
RuntimeLanguage design
Memory safety with familiar syntax.
Arth combines compile-time memory safety, native performance and Java-like syntax. Compare how its ownership model, concurrency, error handling and runtime approach differ from Rust, Go and Java.
Under the hood
How Arth actually holds together.
The story above is the plain version. For engineers, here is the machinery - the compiler is one Rust workspace that lexes, parses, resolves, type-checks and borrow-checks, then hands one IR to whichever backend you pick.
Ownership without lifetimes
The signature move: Rust-grade guarantees - moves, borrows, deterministic drops - but the compiler infers every borrow region. Where Rust makes you write the lifetime, Arth works it out.
Rust needs the annotation
first.rsRust
fn first<'a>(xs: &'a Vec<String>)
-> &'a String {
&xs[0]
}
// the 'a lifetime is on you
Arth infers it
first.arthArth
borrow String first(List<String> xs) {
return xs.get(0);
}
// no lifetime - an NLL-style region solver proves it
Caught at compile time
Use-after-move, mutating a final field, an uncaught typed exception, a stray null - in most languages these ship. In Arth they never compile. Real diagnostics, straight from the checker.
ownership.arthmove
String b = a;
println(a);
error: value 'a' was moved
Config.arthfinal field
final String appName;
cfg.appName = "NewApp";
error: cannot assign to final field
parse.arthtyped exceptions
Config c = parse(src);
// parse throws (ParseError)
error: ParseError is not caught
repo.arthno null
Optional<User> u = repo.find(id);
// there is no null in Arth
checked: absence is a type (Optional<T>), never null
Concurrency by message-passing
Send messages, do not share memory. Tasks run on a work-stealing executor and talk over MPMC channels; the same ownership rules make data races a compile error.
async producer
Task<void>
tx.send()
channel
MPMC buffer
rx.recv()
async consumer
Task<void>
ChannelPatterns.arthproducer / consumer
Channel<int> ch = Channel.create(10);
Sender<int> tx = ch.sender();
Receiver<int> rx = ch.receiver();
Task<void> producer = async {
await tx.send(i); // backpressure
};
Task<void> consumer = async {
Optional<int> v = await rx.recv();
};
Share by communicating
Actors own their state and talk over channels; a bounded channel applies backpressure so a fast producer cannot outrun a slow consumer. No mutexes to forget, no lock ordering to get wrong.
Lock-free when you need it
Atomic<T> exposes compare-exchange and fetch-add with Relaxed, Acquire, Release, AcqRel and SeqCst orderings - the same tools you would reach for in Rust.
async / awaitTask<T>MPMC channelsActorsAtomic<T> orderingsWork-stealing executorSendable / Shareable
Two backends and a native runtime
One IR, two ways out: a portable bytecode VM with a tiered Cranelift JIT, or a native LLVM binary. Both call the arth-rt native runtime for the standard library.
source .arth
You write it
check + borrow
Resolve, type, borrow-check
IR (SSA/CFG)
One shared IR
codegen
VM or native LLVM
--backend llvmhost target
LLVM native AOT
- Native ahead-of-time binaries through LLVM.
- Full DWARF debug info - step through Arth in a native debugger.
- Host-target only for now: no cross-compilation yet.
arth-rtC ABI
Arth native runtime
- The stdlib as a C-ABI library: files, SQLite, Postgres, HTTP, net, TLS, crypto and time.
- Called from both paths - native LLVM binaries link it; the VM dispatches host calls into it.
- Handle-based and thread-safe; built as a staticlib, cdylib and rlib.
terminalarth CLI
$ arth check src/
$ arth build --backend vm src/
$ arth build --backend llvm src/
$ arth run app.abc
// lex | parse | check | build | run | fmt | emit-llvm
Current boundaries
Cranelift provides the JIT execution path. LLVM builds target the host platform.
Editor support includes an arth-lsp server and a VSCode extension for syntax and language-server workflows.
155 conformance tests (VM + LLVM parity) - 460K+ fuzz runs - 12 / 12 native integration tests - 125+ concurrency e2e tests
Arth workspace
Write like Java. Run like Rust.
Explore ownership, compiler-inferred borrows, actors and native compilation in one workspace. If you want memory safety with familiar syntax, we will help you take your first Arth program from source to a running binary.